The Discipline And Discharge Of Employees

Discipline, in the context of a work place, can be defined as the act of implementing acceptable behavior in wayward employees to create a comfortable working environment. Discharge of an employee means to dismiss him or her from their job. The discipline and discharge of employees tends to be a thorny issue at any work place. No person really wants to be told they are wrong or that they are lagging behind in their work, that they do not show team spirit or are rude to colleagues and disrespectful to those in charge.Just as there are guidelines on how to handle other issues that may arise at work, there are also guidelines on how to discipline and discharge employees. Though they are generally tenacious duties to carry out, with the right approach, it can be done without leaving one feeling like the offender. Approaches to discipline at the work place There are four major areas which cost employers the most when it comes to discipline. These are namely, absenteeism, wasted time, subs tance abuse and pilfering (Levine, 1998). The objectives of discipline are basically accepted as good.They are accepted as being vital to the work place. Discipline is necessary to promote the health and safety of all employees, to protect company property, to ensure steady production and to create a pleasant working environment. The controversy comes about in how should these disciplinary measures be taken (Levine, 1998). There are two approaches that can be taken toward employee discipline, that of being lax on the rules without clearly outlining what they are to create a freer atmosphere or that of letting employees know all the rules and the penalties for violating them.Though management can argue that outlining all the dos and don’ts will make their employees feel as though they are children who cannot tell between right and wrong, it has been shown that taking the lax approach is detrimental to a good working environment. In the case of a lawsuit, the employer stands to lose if there are no formal and written documents outlining the discipline code expected by the employer. Again, the relaxing of rules gives a green light to mutinous employees who will incite a good number into a sort of rebellion.And again, the lack of a written statement that covers various violations and accorded remonstrations may make employees think that they might misbehave without being punished (Levine, 1998). When it comes to employee discipline, management can borrow a leaf from educators who believe that there should be a middle ground. This means that discipline should not be taken to extremes with rigid unbendable rules and constant monitoring. The message that should be passed across to the employees is that there is a limit to their expression and behavior which affects not only themselves but the rest of their team.They must also be made to understand that their bad behavior brings down the whole team and there are consequences for misbehavior which they must face (Levine, 1998). The written rules should not take on a confrontational tone. Rather, they should sound like they solely have the employee’s welfare in mind. On the other hand the rules should not sound apologetic. The wording should not bring about any ambiguity. Let the statements be simple and to the point with the offense and punishments clearly outlined (Levine, 1998). Though there may be general rules to offenses, it is best to treat each case of misconduct as an isolated incident.Management has to consider under what circumstance the rules were broken. For example if an employee is an hour late for work an investigation has to be done into his late coming to see if it is justifiable. The employer has to consider also the employee’s record of time keeping thus determining what disciplinary action to take (Levine, 1998). It is paramount that the punishment stipulated for any misdeed should be to make the employee see his mistake. Never should a punishment be given for the sake of punishing. An employee should be able to learn from his error as the employer stresses on the mistake, not the person who has made it.The punishment should also be equitable to the offense being neither too grievous nor too light (Levine, 1998). Finally there should be no favorism shown by the employer when it comes to meting out punishment. All employees should be punished accordingly when on the wrong. If there are signs that some employees are getting off too lightly, there will be resentments held amongst the workers. This will not create amiable working environment (Levine, 1998). What is thornier than disciplining an employee is discharging one. There is just no easy way of informing a person that his employment is being terminated.The ex-employee may feel aggravated to the point of filing a lawsuit. How does an employer minimize the probability of being taken to court or in the event of that happening and prove he fired his employee on perfectly legal grounds ? There are cases where employers discharge employees on personal reasons, discriminating on grounds of sex, religion, color, race, age or physical disability. If an employee is fired on these grounds, he has the right to sue, as long as he can convince the court that he was wronged. On the other hand, an employer can fire his employee with due process and respect.The correct way of going about this is to inform the employee of what is expected of him, in detail. If he shows deficiencies, inform him in detail how he can upgrade his performance. The employer should give a verbal warning for misconduct followed by a written warning, a suspension and finally discharge. At no point should the employer show contempt toward his employee. The employer should also keep detailed records of the employers misdemeanor in the case that a lawsuit is filed by the employee. With the proper guidelines and attitude, an employer can instill the required discipline in his workers without raising aggres sion or hostility.It is important that the employer lead by example to encourage his employees to follow suit. With discipline, there is a relaxed working atmosphere and greater output seen. Disciplinary policies and procedures We have already what disciplinary problems are that may be experienced at work and divided them into four broad categories: absenteeism, time wasting, substance abuse and pilfering. Though the employee is free to choose the mode of punishment, there are general policies that are used to outline these punishments.It is the intent of any disciplinary policy to anticipate possible acts of violation of company policy and to encourage employees to change their behavior before it becomes chronic or intolerable leaving discharge as the only viable option (Normand, 2006). The first thing that management must ensure in implementing policies is to keep up consistency. Employees do complain of their bosses as being ‘unpredictable’ and ‘capricious†™. This may be because of having no formally written out rules and regulations outlining the punishments for wrongdoing.It may also be because of leniency or favorism on the employer’s part. Disciplinary policies should be adhered to without regard to friendship or family ties. It should be noted that the punishment policies include all personnel all the way up to management (Normand, 2006). There are stages in notifying an employee of his misconduct depending on the grievousness of the offense and the number of times the offense has been repeated in the past by said employee. The first can be done verbally then in written form followed by a suspension if need be and ultimately a dismissal.For small offenses, the employee can give up to four repeats with a graver consequence for each repeat. No the other hand, an offense as grave as possession of or working under the influence of controlled substances could and should be met with an outright discharge (Normand, 2006). Since in the present day, employee lawsuits seem to be the norm, it is imperative that written warnings given to the employee and duly signed by the offended and the offensive party be kept as part of the employee’s record for future reference (Normand, 2006).In summary, when implementing disciplinary policies at work, make it clear to the employee what his mistake is, give appropriate punishment in accordance with the misdemeanor. Punishment must be administered within an acceptable time limit, ensuring that it is not delayed as its impact will be significantly reduced. Importantly above all, keep written records in case a dismissal boomerangs in the company’s face. Managerial ethics in employee relations Ethics is the learning process of differentiating between right and wrong and making the decision to do the right thing.But is this case really applicable at the work place? Are there not a lot of grey areas where the line between right and wrong is too thin? Business eth ics generally can mean to know what is right or wrong in the workplace and choosing to do what is right, this being in regard of products, services and relationships. The role of business ethics is to help managers know how to react when ethical issues arise (McNamara, 1997). Managing ethics has several benefits for both the employee and the employer and employee in the work place.In times of rapid change like the times we live in, business ethics act as a moral compass for management, making it easier to make right and moral decisions. Ethics also play a role in cultivating strong teamwork and discipline by aligning employee discipline towards those behaviors that their employers want. By having open dialogue with employees that the management wants, feelings of integrity and trust are built, features that are essential in building a strong team spirit (McNamara, 1997). Ethics policies also help employees grow as individuals.It helps them face reality, both good and bad, about them selves and their work place. It gives them the confidence to admit their mistakes and shortcomings (McNamara, 1997). The ethics programs help identify values that management wants to uphold, then aligns the employees behavior to uphold these values. Indirectly, this leads to higher quality assurance in the products and services delivered by the company, because the employees will pay greater attention to detail. The employees will also put greater value on the client satisfaction and work harder to achieve this (McNamara, 1997).Having an ethics program goes a long way in improving a company’s public image. Potential clients will feel reassured on learning that they will not only get value products but that their interactions with the employees of that company will be conducted with regard to their human dignity and respect for their needs. The word ‘ethicical’ inspires in one the confidence to trust that the person they are dealing with is not out to get the bett er of them. It would work the same way for a company (McNamara, 1997). Having strong workplace ethics has several benefits as has been outlined.Nut how does one an ethical working environment? One, there is the need to recognize that inculcating ethical behavior in employees is a process that takes time. It is said that old habits die hard, thus the employer should not expect employees to ‘unlearn’ bad behaviors overnight. It takes time and patience to get employees to abide by a certain code of ethics (McNamara, 1997). The ethical approach taken by a company should be practical, workable and beneficial. The expected change in behavior should bring a corresponding increase in productivity.The management should work towards integrating ethics management with other management practices so as to show employees that it is given equal weight. This also allows for management to allow their employees to know what ethical behavior is expected of them (McNamara, 1997). Forgivene ss within a company fosters an amenable environment. To err is human and where there are several people involved, there will be mistakes made. It is important that mistakes be recognized as such and be let go off, not bringing them up to the surface whenever there is a disagreement (McNamara, 1997).If a company is to succeed in instilling ethics in its employees, it must develop an appropriate code of conduct. There are essentials that are applied in outlining the code of conduct to be used by the company as guiding its ethical principles (McNamara, 1997). The management has to identify the key behaviors that it wants its employees to develop and then incorporate in the code of conduct. When writing out a code of conduct, use wording that stipulates that the code is to apply to all employees (McNamara, 1997).Before implementing the code of conduct, management should obtain opinions from key people on its workability and its practicality. Management has to distribute written copies o f the code to employees so that they do not give the excuse of ignorance if they are caught in acts that go against recommended behavior (McNamara, 1997). In conclusion, cultivating a healthy working environment is of the greatest essence but it is a challenging task that is full of pitfalls. The employer is charged with this multi faceted task that with the proper guidelines he or she can achieve with minimum damage.

Immigration During the Industrial Revolution

Immigration during the Industrial Revolution Immigration was a huge part of the industrial revolution, some migrated legal, some illegal. Either way, many immigrants came to the United States searching for a dream, the American dream to be precise. This leads to the question; Why did people immigrate to America? There can be many answers to this question, but some of the most important answers are: political, others economic, while yet others religious, whatever the case was, the United States became a mix of different cultures.However, the main reason for immigration was because of the â€Å"Industrial Revolution† Industrial Revolution is basically the changes in industry from the 18th century to the 19th century that started in Britain and then other Western European countries and spread to the Unites States. Without the growth in Industry however, Many Immigrants cannot migrate to the United States. For example without the technology improvements in shipbuilding, many ships could not make it past the long journey through the ocean.The industrial revolution gave many Immigrants the chance to travel to the United States where they were able to get jobs working in railroads, factories, potato picking, or any other jobs industries enabled them to do. In the 1750’s, most people in Europe lived on small farms and made most of their needs by hand. As the industrial revolution started, many people lived in cities and most of their needs were produced by complicated machines. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to Belgium, France, Germany, the United States and Japan.It was an important change in the way goods were produced, and improved the way people lived. The Industrial Revolution is a major turning point in world history. I’m sure by now you are asking What caused industrial revolution? Agricultural Revolution or farming revolution was a change in farming methods that allowed greater production of food. This huge chan ge was caused by the use of new farming technology such as seed drill (Machine that plants seeds) and improved fertilizers. The outcome of this farming change was higher access of food.The enclosure Movement also forced people into Industrial Revolution for example; farmers who worked in the farming industry where replaced by farming machines and where left homeless forced to find new jobs in the industrial revolution. Big business was also a change that created Mass Production. Mass Production shifted people from production at home, to production in large factories in cities. Mass production also allowed for lower prices on the good produced. In 1892, the government made an immigration station on Ellis Island, in a bay between New York and Jersey City, New Jersey.Every day, hundreds or even thousands of people arrived by boat and pass through inspections as they arrived, potential immigrants were escorted through a quick health exam. As immigrants climbed up a set of stairs, offici als watched for symptoms of illnesses, heavy breathing, and signs of mental disturbances. These were indications that the person might not be able to find or maintain a job. Doctors then gave a â€Å"six second physical† and checked for diseases, including a contagious eye infection called trachoma.Sick people were sent to a hospital on Ellis Island to be treated, and escorted through the same immigration process again. After the physical checkup, potential immigrants were asked a series of questions by immigration inspectors. Life as an immigrant in the U. S was not all that great. First, they had to learn English for many immigrants; they had to put up with going to school and at the same time working which was very exhausting in a situation like this. No one put up signs or notices in other languages for them. This is why learning English was the most important process.Then, they had to get work, because the government didn't give money to anyone. They had to earn it thems elves! No one cut them any breaks if you were a different nationality. The Italians and Irish were especially subject to cruelty and where paid less sometimes because of their nationality. Swedish and German immigrants: many of these made their way to Wisconsin and Minnesota. They established dairy farms, in particular, and also grew wheat. In this part of the country, there are hundreds of Lutheran churches that they founded, as most of these immigrants were, if not Lutheran, Protestants.In conclusion, many immigrants migrated to the United States for various reasons and went through the hardest situations to live the American dream. Some immigrants where successful and managed to live their dreams as an American but others struggled through the hardest situations and went through cruelty and discrimination. All of this was caused by nothing more than the changes in the industrial revolution and the huge impact on many people that had to migrate to places like cities to not be affe cted by this change.

W2 Disc Innovation Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W2 Disc Innovation Organization - Essay Example Two guidelines that fuel innovation at Nike are: (1) asking questions on the organization’s competencies and its directions by understanding risks and opportunities; and (2) using scenario planning to â€Å"assess the potential impacts that external issues such as climate change or resource scarcity might have on NIKE† (Nike, Inc., 2014, p. 1). These guidelines are consistent with those behaviors which managers should encourage to ensure innovation is applied: (1) ask questions to identify opportunities and problems; (2) learn new skills; (3) assume a proactive stance and take risks; and (4) align personal values and beliefs with the organizational values and goals (White & Bruton, 2011). According to Nidumolu, Pralahad, & Rangaswami (2009), â€Å"the key to progress, particularly in times of economic crisis, is innovation† (p. 1). From the guidelines set by Nike, as well as lessons learned from White & Bruton (2011), innovation could be strategically managed through the knowledge of theoretical frameworks, and effectively applying these in contempory settings, toward attaining explicitly defined goals. Nidumolu, R., Pralahad, C., & Rangaswami, M. (2009, September). Why Sustainability Is Now the Key Driver of Innovation. Retrieved from Harvard Business Review:

Nursing Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Ethical Dilemma - Essay Example Obviously, the therapy directed specifically to the cancer is not working any more. The medical decision was to provide palliative care at home. The nurse in this case has also been requested by the family to refrain from disclosing her diagnosis to her. The patient asks about a particular medication given to her by the nurse. While the medication actually is an anticancer drug, the nurse is instructed by the family members to tell that it is a stool softener. The client does not have any clear directives about end of life care. The family wants her to be kept out of the loop in care. Although family can provide further information about the clients characteristics, lifestyle, value, and beliefs, here they are clearly paternalistic and have decided to violate patients autonomy. The nurse at any cost must preserve autonomy of the patient regarding her own care. When the nurse is asked to tell the patient a lie about the medicine she is taking, the principle of fidelity or faithfulness is violated (Ferrell and Coyle, 2006). This ethical dilemma will be analyzed from the nursing ethical principles based on Bandman and Bandman shared decision making model. The nurse in this situation is indirectly forced to lie for the family to the patient. Not complying with the familys wishes may cause dismissal of the nurses service to the patient. This is an ethical dilemma (Teno, 2004). It is clear that the family has denied the client’s right to self determination. The American Nurses Association advocates full autonomy to the patient will total disclosure of facts regarding healthcare and healthcare decisions. It is clear that she has not been fully informed, and she is not being helped to comprehend her conditions. According to this principle, the nurse should provide the patient with the opportunity to make her own decisions related to her health-care needs. Moreover, misinforming patients regarding their care or medications violates the principle of

History Source based questions - Treaty Of Versailles Essay

History Source based questions - Treaty Of Versailles - Essay Example .I have personally no doubt that we will get everything that you can squeeze out of lemon, and a bit more. I propose that every bit of [German-owned] property, movable and immovable, in Allied and neutral countries, whether State property or private property should be surrendered by the Germans. The cartoonist is trying to tell us that the Treaty of Versailles would lead to another war. The four men in the foreground represent (from right to left) Woodrow Wilson, the President of the U.S, Georges Clemenceau, the Prime Minister of France, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, the Prime Minister of Italy and Lloyd George, the Prime Minister of Britain. These were the Big Four who drew up the Treaty of Versailles, which was signed by Germany in the Palace of Versailles near Paris on June 28, 1919. "The Tiger" refers to Clemenceau, who exercised powerful leadership with his slogan â€Å"I make war!† and became known as â€Å"The Tiger of France†. The cartoonist is suggesting the treaty was too harsh on Germany, because it severely punished it, forcing it to accept responsibility for causing World War I, and blackmailed the German government to sign the Treaty under threat of invasion by the Big Four; because of these biased impositions on the Germans, there will be another w ar in the future. The title of the cartoon suggests that the peace will result in "cannon fodder" in the future because the supposed-to-be ‘peace’ brought about by the Treaty of Versailles actually resulted in total humiliation heaped on Germany; the humiliation was too severe for it to withstand for long, and when it could stand it no more then German cannons would boom again (the cartoonist was right – it took just 22 years from the end of the First World War in 1917 to the beginning of the Second World War in 1939). Clemenceau’s words: â€Å"Curious! I seem to hear a child weeping!† shows that he (and the other 3 leaders of the Big Four) feel that Germany has got a fair deal

Time Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Time Management - Essay Example In the article, entitled Time Management Essential, the author emphasized the need to have enough time to achieve all of one’s set goals. The author gives a simple but clear definition of time management. â€Å"Time management really means managing yourself and your job responsibilities effectively.† (Ohio.com -Time Management Essential 2004) Bruch and Ghoshal (2002) reported of a ten year study of busy managers in which researchers found that managers fritter away 90 percent of their time in ineffective activities. Not only do managers utilize their time ineffectively but Jane Bergen (2006) noted that 30 percent of all employees time was spent searching for lost documents. (Key Organization Systems 2000-2008) The author of Time Management Essential posits two major reasons for the inefficiency of small businesses, namely, poor planning and poor communication. Similarly, Patricia Katz 2006, argues that â€Å"a lack of communication and a lack of attention† are tw o factors for spouses to separate. (Key Organization Systems 2000-2008) Katz 2006 proposes that the there has been an increase by 33 percent for individuals reporting excessive work hours on the part of their spouse. Further Hewlett and Luce in 2006 noted that 45 percent of high-earning managers are so fatigued at the end of a work day; they are unable to have a proper conversation with their partner. (Key Organization Systems 2000-2008) 13 percent of workers claimed to have seen their coworkers display angry outbursts because of stress in the workplace. Maseda in a 2004 Gallup Poll noted that 80 percent of workers reported stress from job related activities. (Key Organization Systems 2000-2008) Poor planning results in long unproductive hours at work and subsequently an increase in the stress level of employees. Consequently, it is essential that an organization develop strategies to assist in the effective

Importance of emotional intelligence in the workplace Research Paper

Importance of emotional intelligence in the workplace - Research Paper Example Much research has been carried out to measure the credibility of this concept. However, there has been a long-lasting debate on the successful implementation of this concept in the workplaces. Emotional Intelligence is a concept which develops the personality of an individual and is also being used to achieve success when it comes to workplaces. This paper aims to analyze the arguments for and against the use of emotional intelligence in the workplaces. Research suggests that emotional intelligence is the trait of our personality which helps us in realizing what ended up in a certain reaction by one’s own actions or by those of the interacting personalities. With the growing research, there have been rapid changes in the definition of Emotional Intelligence. According to Goleman (1998) Emotional Intelligence is â€Å"the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships† (p. 137). (Brucato et al 2009). Mayer and Cobb (2000) define 4 elements of Emotional Intelligence including Emotional identification, perception and expression, Emotional facilitation of thought, Emotional understanding and Emotional management. Emotional intelligence is useful in many areas of life; however, the workplace rests one of the major areas which attain greater benefits by this concept. Businesses are not merely dealing with the materials but are also in relationships with people; for instance, the customer-employee, employee-employer, employee-employee and so on. The trust and relationships of an individual with the workplace interactions explain his/her level of emotional intelligence and expertise in dealing with others’ emotions. Lam and Kirby (2002) reveal that emotional intelligence plays a more prominent role in improving the work performance than general intelligence (i.e. IQ). Research also indicates that emotional and social competitiveness is 4 times

Principles and models of corporate governance Essay

Principles and models of corporate governance - Essay Example It is essential for each and every company to comply to this principles and models of corporate governance to establish the roles of management and the board and with the balanced skill, experience and independence on the board. The present paper makes an attempt critically assess the criteria in terms of strengths and weaknesses. Under Principle No 2 of Corporate Governance, 2.1 put forth certain criteria that would assess the capability, skills and experience of the company. Under Principle 2.1 which assesses the functioning of the board, the points excluding 2.1.9 can be regarded as the strengths of the guidebook of corporate governance which is the deciding factor for the corporate governance certificate. All the points under principle 2.1 ask about the boards’ performance, skills, capabilities, roles of the board according to the position of the board members, and other key performance areas. Principle 2.1.9 is not regarded as the weakness but can be considered as the more strongest assessment criteria than the other, as it can expose the weaknesses of the board of directors of the company asking whether they follow the company laws, regulations and also giving the boards the opportunity to mention whether or not they are voluntary capable of achieving high status in corporate governance. Principle No. 2.2 assesses the companies’ role towards the shareholders and their duties. The principles laid down in the guidebook are good enough to assess the role and responsibility of board towards their stakeholders. The principle critically assesses whether the company communicates the information with their shareholder, does it conducts annual general meeting, involvement in election of board of directors, transparency in financial matters, etc. The strengths of the principle 2.2 the sub principle 2.2.2 which evaluates the importance given to the shareholders by the company board members in respect of exercising

Escape from Camp 14 by Blaine Harden Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Escape from Camp 14 by Blaine Harden - Essay Example Shin Dong-hyuk has undergone these horrors, which has made him unprepared to live in the contemporary world, finding it difficult to adjust to a totally different environment with freedom. Being psychologically free refers to freedom from attachment and from identifying with anything. In addition, psychological freedom also refers to when an individual is a being, rather than a knowing or a doing. Because of his experiences in prison camp 14, which have resulted in classical symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and Stockholm syndrome, Shin has been unable to gain psychological freedom. Shin Dong-hyuk was born in a North Korean prison camp and lived under harsh and inhuman conditions for the first twenty-four years of his life. This was a period material, physical, and emotional deprivation for Shin, who underwent physical abuse and torture before making a successful escape from the prison camp (Harden 12). However, he escaped with scars consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder, such as flashbacks, nightmares, and panic attacks, which have denied him psychological freedom. Although he has received treatment for his posttraumatic stress disorder, he still finds himself in the grip of anger and fear, while he does not want to be alone with his thoughts for a long time because they trouble him (Harden 14). Shin has been unable to attain psychological freedom because of his trauma’s fundamental psychological effect, which is the shattering of his innocence. His experiences in prison camp 14 have led him to lose faith in any meaning, predictability, and safety in the world or any safe place that he can retreat to, including his family, which reinforces his feeling of isolation (Harden 167). His body or mind did not process his traumatic experiences at the prison camp, unlike other experiences. This is most likely due to their shocking and overwhelming

The Main Principles of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Main Principles of Management - Essay Example This makes them responsible for operational decision making and performance improvement (Hill, 2006). The third principle is an integration of effort whereby the entire organization moves towards a common objective regardless of one’s position in the organization. The fourth principle involves the business taking a lead in determining industry standards and practices, being out-front. The fifth principle is being up-front, meaning that everything is conducted with integrity and openness. The sixth principle is resourcing the medium term which means that the business is able to effectively balance short and medium-term requirements. The business is able to make orders and supplies in good time (Carpenter, 2009). The seventh principle is time-based. This calls for timely orders, supplies and dealing with emergencies as required. This helps in ensuring that employees do their work within a given time frame and deliver to clients in good time. The eighth principle is bias for action and this means that the business is good at implementing ideas and strategies. When ideas and strategies are shared out and not acted upon, they are not useful and do not improve the workers and business as a whole. The ninth principle is learning focus whereby everyone in the business gets involved in a learning or development programme. This ensures that the business grows as well as the people in and working for the business (Hill, 2006). The tenth principle is discipline. The business invests in policies, procedures and standards that are to be upheld, failure to which penalties are applied. The eleventh principle is that of measurement or reporting and publication. This involves measuring and reporting to the employees’ financial and non-financial performance information needed to excel. Customer value is the twelfth principle and involves all employees striving to enhance customer value creation. This helps in getting and retaining customers. The thirteenth principle is capabilities creation whereby business and organisational capabilities are defined as priority areas.  Ã‚  

Marketing environment Essay Example for Free

Marketing environment Essay Product Offerings Kellogg’s is in the breakfast cereal market. It principal products are related to ready-to-eat cereals. In addition to this the company also manufactures and sells many convenience foods such as crackers, cereal bars, veggie foods, frozen waffles, toaster pastries, fruit snacks cookies etc. As of 2009, the manufacturing of these products took place in 19 countries across the world and were sold in over 180 countries. The company’s brands include Kellogg’s, Keebler, Cheez-It, Murray, Austin and Famous Amos. The company also has several brand names attached to its products such as: Apple Jacks, Mueslix, Pops, Corn Pops, Cruncheroos, Bran Buds, Cocoa Krispies, special K, Smacks etc in US; Suchrilos and related products and Zucharita and related products in Latin America; Vive and Vector in Canada; Optima, Choco Pops, Muslix, Honey Loops, Country Store, Ricicles etc in Europe; Cerola, Sultana Bran, BeBig, Chex, Frosties etc. in Asia and Australia (Kellogg’s Investor Information). Following is the market share for the different cereal brands over the past 14 years. Fig – 12 Most Popular Cereal Brands (Topher, 2008) Target markets Customers Kellogg’s has separated its business into two segments: North America and International. The company generates two thirds of its revenues in North America which consists of United States and Canada. These are shown in the figure below. Fig – 13 Kellogg’s market sales by region, in millions (wikinvest, 2009) In United States, the biggest retail consumer of Kellogg’s are the Wal-Mart Stores that accounts for about 20% of its net sale. In fact no other consumer accounts for more than 10% of its net sales. Kellogg’s revenue in North America is further divided into different sections based on product types such as cereals, snacks and frozen and specialty categories. This is shown in the figure below. Fig – 14 Kellogg’s sales by Product Category (wikinvest, 2009) Competition The company faces competition for sales of all of its principal products in its major markets, both domestically and internationally. The Companys products compete with advertised and branded products of a similar nature as well as unadvertised and private label products, which are distributed at lower prices, and also with other food products with different characteristics. Principal factors for competition include new product introductions, product quality, composition, and nutritional value, price, advertising and promotion (Kellogg). The primary competitors of Kellogg’s are General Mills and Kraft which sells breakfast cereal under the Pos brand. Among this the revenues of Kraft are triple as compared to the other two brands with its leading segment being snacks. However, both Kellogg’s and General Mills receive more of their revenues from the cereal segment. The table below shows the company comparison. Company Net Revenues (in millions) International Revenues as % of sales Gross Margin % Kellogg’s $ 10,906 32. 6% 44. 2% General Mills $ 12,442 17% 36% Kraft $ 34,356 32. 4 36. 1% Table – 15 Company Comparison (wikinvest, 2009) Supply chain As mentioned, Wal-Mart accounts for about 20% of the company’s product sales in United States. The company uses both its sales force as well as business arrangements with brokers and distributors to sell its products. The products are eventually resold to consumers in retail stores, restaurants and other food service establishments (Kellogg’s Investor Information). The figure below gives the different types of distribution channels of the company. Fig – 16 Kellogg’s distribution Channels (http://www. docstoc. com/docs/3584505/Kellogg%EF%BF%BDs-Marketing-Strategy-and-Marketing-Plans ) Market position Product Sales Regardless of the bad moments it has faced over the year, especially thorough the 1990s, Kellogg’s still the market leader in the US cereal market. Despite increasing competition Kellogg’s has slowly increased its share in the market and control about 1/3rd of the market. This is followed by General Mills and Quaker and Post. In addition to this, Kellogg’s controls as much as 50% of the market for new cereals in the United States with the introduction of more new cereals than either of its competitors. The figure below shows the 2008 US cereal market. Fig – 17 US Cereal Market Share (wikinvest, 2009) The figure below shows the market share trends for the top cereal producers over the past 10 years. Fig – 18 Market share trends for the past 10 years (Topher, 2008) Employment Financial statistics The company employs about 32400 employees worldwide which its latest figures as of 2009. It has generated about 12. 8 billion in net worldwide sales of which its earning were $ 1. 1 billion. The company keeps low sales targets for its internal net sales since it is a mature market. The figures are between 1-3 %. The company exceeded this target with a net sales growth of 9% in the year 2008 and a growth rate of 5. 4. The targets for internal operating margins are between 4-6% which the company achieved by reaching a figure of 4. 5%. The net earnings per share target for the company is between 7-9%. The company achieved a diluted earning per share grew by 8% which the currency neutral EPS grew by 10% which was more than its target. The figure below shows the financial highlights of the company for the past 3 years. Fig – 19 Kellogg’s 2008 financial highlights (Kellogg’s Investor Information) Since one of the major draws of the company is the innovation of its products,, the company sets aside a considerable budget for RD. The expenditure figures for this head were $181 million in 2008. The corresponding budget was $ 171 million in 2007 and $191 million in 2006. Marketing Advertising The company has an excellent marketing team which has used varied channels for sales and promotion of its products. These include: Mass Advertising – popular characters like Tony the TigerTM and Snap! Crackle! Pop! TM, on TV; Direct Promotions: Coupons; Trade Promotions: In-store displays, Samples; Personal Selling: Prime-account reps, Area reps; Penetration Chain stores, Independent wholesalers; Sales Channel Brand equity; Logistics Finished goods warehouse centers or independent warehouses (Kellogg’s Company – Products).

Costa Coffee Essay Example for Free

Costa Coffee Essay The remote environment comprises factors that originate beyond and usually irrespective and out of Costa Coffees control. Economic factors Since Costa Coffee is a multinational business, top-level managers must consider the economic situations on both the National (Egypt) and International levels. Currencies exchange rate (Forex) affects Costa Coffees final products prices as well as operation costs. Costa Coffee imports high quality coffee beans from rainforest farms where it pays for in local currency, and sells as coffee in another country with its local country. Hence, when the Egyptian Pound depreciates, the cost of beans relatively increases; therefore, causing a fall in profit margin and vice versa. If depreciation is too much, then Costa might increase its selling prices. Moreover, interest rate is vital for a business considering expansion as Costa Coffee. As interest rates increase, Costa Coffee’s ability and willingness to expand or open new branches decreases; due to the high cost of capital. Furthermore, the stock market plays a significant role in encouraging investors to invest in Costa Coffee due to the increasing profits and the good reputation. Finally, high economic growth rate of a country leads people to increase their consumption of Costa Coffees products; since they have more income. Social Factors Egyptians’ culture and lifestyle has dramatically changed in the last 10 years. People are more willing to go to cafes for lunch, dinner or simply a snack. Considering the Egyptian demographics of lifestyle and age groups, most of the Egyptian population falls in the youth age group. Hence, Costa Coffee plays music and offers an atmosphere that is convenient for all ages with special attention to youth. Costa Coffee respects the religion of each nation in which it operates. To clarify, Costa Coffee neither sells alcoholic drinks nor pork-containing food. In addition, Costa Coffees menu is written in both English and Arabic languages. English is the most widely spoken language, and Egypt is known as a touristic attraction. Plus, Egyptians like to come across a menu written in their own language for simplicity and showing cultural respect. Also, many people nowadays are concerned with their health; Costa Coffee is providing low-calorie food, a variety of fresh salads, sandwiches, and fresh fruit juice. Political Factors Governmental rules and regulations could affect the firms suppliers and the price of the raw materials. Imposed taxes or tariffs on the imported coffee beans add to raw materials cost. Rules regarding social insurance add to labor costs. Political instability and strikes do affect labor and consumers of Costa Coffee. Technological Factors Advanced machines affect the firms performance and efficiency through producing tasty coffee as quick as possible. High quality and speed of service affects customer satisfaction and loyalty. Costa Coffee uses highly advanced brewers and coffee makers for the best coffee cup. Besides, the use of the Internet to facilitate transactions between Costa and its suppliers lowers transaction costs and decreases lead time. As a result, stakeholders are more satisfied with increased profits and lower costs. Ecological Factors Costa Coffee uses recyclable paper bags and paper cups. And, it tries to reduce its energy consumption as steps towards a greener environment. It also ensures adherence to responsible farming practices, so that natural habitats are protected thereby reducing deforestation and carbon emissions. Furthermore, Costa is working to deliver green (LEED) certification for new stores beginning later this year and is working closely with its suppliers to develop more environmentally friendly packaging. Industry Environment Operating Environment A firm’s operating environment is related to environmental factors that directly affect the firm and its success in obtaining necessary resources. Yet, they are still factors beyond its area of control. 1. Competitors Costa coffee in Egypt faces high direct competition where around almost every corner in the cities, a coffee shop exists. Therefore, product differentiation is a must, and persistent high-quality is the way to keeping customers. Whichever Costa Coffee shop you enter, you are greeted the same, indulge in the same taste and pay what you see in the menu. Menu prices are tax inclusive which is different than most of other coffee shops. Competitors include, but are not limited to, Starbucks Coffee, Cilantro and Beano’s cafe. Creditors Costa’s past payment records and working capital position are the main attributes affecting creditors decisions. Considering the Egyptian markets, banks are not rare to find. Costa might be dealing with several banks, and may be granted loans from several areas. Hence, creditors have little leverage; since interest rates are controlled by central bank of Egypt as well. Customers Costa coffee is a service firm. Therefore, its utmost goal is customer satisfaction and loyalty to yield profits. Constantly monitoring Egypt’s demographics is essential in keeping a convenient atmosphere. For instance, Costa must always recognise what the youth are listening to these days to be able to play the optimum collection of songs in its branches while abiding by the brand’s image. Accessibility of location and parking spaces are of the main issues regarded by people when deciding on their hang-outs. And, the customer buyer behaviour of whether they prefer more salads and sandwiches rather than desserts; affects how much of each should be available at Costa’s branches. Labor Costa’s reputation and image is kept through its workers. Costa has to respect labor rights especially now that people are more aware of the rights than ever before. Also, Costa has to be selective in its waiters and baristas to keep the brand’s image and reputation. As a result of Costa’s reputation, highly-qualified workers apply for jobs at Costa Coffee. Suppliers Supplier relationships are as important as customer relationships. A good supplier relationships decreases yield time and enhances firm’s productivity. In Costa’s case, supplier power is not high as Costa has multiple suppliers, with low switching costs. However, supplier relationships are well-attended to at Costa Coffee; as part of its social responsibility towards coffee-growing countries.

Soft Drinks Industry Consumer Behavior Marketing Essay

Soft Drinks Industry Consumer Behavior Marketing Essay Soft drinks industry is one of the most thriving and flourishing industries in Pakistan. With a population close to 165 million, Pakistan is one of the largest markets in the Asia Pacific region, for various fast-moving consumer goods companies, including those manufacturing soft drinks. Consumers all over Pakistan consider soft drinks as an integral part of their lives, be it routine every day meals or festive occasions, soft drinks hold immense importance as it is the primary refreshment served all over the country. Dominated by low-cost carbonates, Pakistans soft drinks industry benefits from key demand triggers such as the notable absence of alcoholic drinks industry and a warm climate. The beverage industry has around 40 plants, and employs around 500,000 people directly or indirectly. Foreign players dominate the soft-drinks sector. Pakistan Beverages, which bottles for US-based PepsiCo, and National Beverages, the bottler for Coca-Cola (also of the US), are the key players in this segment. Together, Pepsi and Coca-Cola supply 75% of the carbonated soft-drinks market, with local companies accounting for another 15-20%. The industry has seen steady growth over the past years, and despite the current economic situation in Pakistan and the high levels of inflation, the industry is bound for growth in the coming years. The major players in this market include: Coca Cola Pepsi Mountain Dew Gourmet Cola Makah Cola Amrat Cola The market is led by Pepsi which has the maximum market share in the Pakistan soft drink industry. Coca cola acts as a challenger, which challenges the presence of its major rival coke, whereas other brands such as gourmet cola and mountain dew are followers. Gourmet cola has smartly catered to the market by providing soft drinks at a much lower price than the others and distributes it only in the city of Lahore, hence is the one acting as a niche player. It has successfully entered into the soft drink market where existing strong brand names have been competing, and is expected to maintain its position which is evident by the growing demand of its cola Market Size: Led by the core carbonate brands of Coca Cola and PepsiCo, per capita soft drinks consumption in Pakistan is estimated to stand at about 20 liters per annum, which leaves significant room for growth. Over the publishers forecast period to 2014, soft drinks sales are expected to increase 39.8% to PKR19.5 billion ($233 million), with carbonates likely to pick up most of the volume growth. MARKET SEGMENTATION: Customer segmentation in Pakistan with respect to soft drink industry is done differently by the major players operating in the industry. Segmentation is done based on the lifestyle, preferences and attitudes of customers. Particularly to this industry, there exist customer segments which prefer soft drinks that taste sweeter as compared to others. Moreover, segments in the markets exist which are price conscious, and are willing to compromise as far as quality and taste is concerned. Such segments are more inclined towards paying lower prices for a soft drink that provides a similar taste as of other renowned names and modest quality. Existing customers, who are sensitive to their calorie intake but wish not to compromise on the consumption of soft drinks, are catered by brands offering the diet version. This diet version of soft drinks is even preferred by some customers who find its taste better as compared to the regular one, although such a segment is not widely recognized. Apar t from that, customer segments exist which demand bottles of soft drinks in different sizes, such as small, large and family pack, whereas the kind of packaging done for a particular soft drink also determines and caters to a certain market segment such as bottles that are disposable and non-disposable. There are different flavors that have further segmented the market, which primarily include orange (Fanta, Miranda), Cola (Coke, Pepsi), Lemon (Sprite, 7up, Lemon up, mountain dew). Segmentation of consumers has also been done on the bases of social economic class, such as new market entrants such as gourmet cola serves SEC C whereas market leaders serve SEC A and B. The market segment that we have selected for our project is individuals belonging to SEC A and SEC B who are employed and are working in private and government organizations. Target Market: The target market that we have selected from this segment as part of our term project is the carbonated soft drinks segment, which includes companies like Pepsi, Coca cola, Seven up, Mecca cola, Amrat cola, Gourmet cola and others. Objectives of the research: The research is directed to find the attributes of consumer behavior regarding the local soft drinks in the beverages industry. The scope of the research is limited to the region of Lahore due to time constraints. The basic purpose to conduct this study is to uncover the consumer perception about the local soft drinks specifically. The research will help to find out the consumer perception about what the customers think of the local soft drinks, how they perceive it when they hear or see any of the particular local brands. The position that it has taken in the minds of the consumers are important to discover. Basically, the first objective is to find the image of local soft drinks as perceived by the consumers. The study will also focus on the product specific attributes of local soft drinks. The quality of the soft drink as compared to the rest of the international competition is one of the concerns of this research. Also, taste is an important variable which will be thoroughly studied because quality of any product is judged by its taste, and it will be tested that whether the company is successful in providing the taste which is demanded by its target market or not. Also, whether it provides the soft drinks in same or better taste as provided by the international players; Pepsi co. and Coca Cola Company, or not. Whether the content of fizz in soft drink is an important variable that matters and the impact of the amount of cooling that the drink has stored in it is important to the consumers of local soft drinks or not. Along with the tangible attributes of the product, the study will also focus on the intangible attributes such as the brand name. The size and shape of the bottles, the pa ckaging and the colors used, will also be discussed. The consumer satisfaction will be gauged in terms of the competition, and what needs to be done to improve the product. The study objectives also include the consumer specific attributes towards the local soft drinks. It will include that under what circumstances or occasions do the consumers consume local soft drink. Are they brand loyal? How do they evaluate a drink over the others? And how do they make their buying decisions. It includes the influencers that influence their decision making. Furthermore, the role of advertisement will be discussed that how do the consumers dictated by the ads, how the company can improve its visual presence and what could be done to improve the company and the product. Research Methodology: The basic idea is to design a research methodology which enables us to extract maximum useful information at the least possible cost and time, without sacrificing on its reliability. Therefore, quantitative tools will be used to achieve our research objectives. Our objective factors like brand awareness, product usage and product attributes specific insights shall be obtained through a questionnaire Quantitative Research: Questionnaire The questionnaire will be the most effective and feasible tool for our research study. Other methods like phone interviews and observation study will not only be impractical due to our resource constraints but also yield very little credible information, unless the sample size is huge. The questionnaire will be very straight forward and focused so unnecessary data is not gathered and the validity of the study is maximized. Light users or users who have not consumed local colas in the past 30 days will be screened out. Therefore, those who remain will be able to effectively assess the products and its perception in their minds. A few open ended questions will be asked, along with closed ended questions that address our research objectives. In order to keep things simple, only a Likert scale will be used. The questionnaire will be distributed amongst all individuals who have been screened on the sole basis of usage. This is because currently the soft drink industry employs a mass marke ting approach, and focusing only on one or two segments will increase the sampling error. A total of 50 questionnaires will be distributed. Data Analysis The data from the questionnaire will be tabulated on excel and analyzed using statistical options like pie charts, bar graphs, tables etc. Questionnaire Analysis: The questionnaire analysis was conducted with 50 respondents, 42 Males and 8 Females, aged between 22 to 50 years of age and all. The questionnaire was based upon the variables of importance analyzed in the focus group e.g. the price of the soft drinks, availability and quality offered by each brand of carbonated soft drinks. Detailed Analysis of Questionnaire: What type of food do you like? The respondents were asked what kind and genre of food they preferred as there drinks choices are then based upon their primary food choices, a large majority of respondents responded with homemade food, followed by fast food, this indicates the evident impact on inflation in Pakistan upon peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s spending habits, more people now opt for home made food rather than fast food from upscale restaurants What type of drinks do you consume? Majority of respondents indicated that they preferred carbonated drinks as compared to coffee and other choices available to them, this shows the high positive demand soft drinks have in Pakistan. Pick one from the above and state the brands you use? Juices brands mentioned by respondents: In order to gauge the respondents inclination towards juices the question asked them to indicate the juice brand they use, majority of respondents indicated nestle as being their favorite brand, with 23 respondents opting for Nestle, followed by Olfruit. Carbonated drinks mentioned by respondents: Tea/Coffee mentioned by respondents: How often do you consume the drink you stated above? Your purchase decisions are influenced by? Q7: Do you consume carbonated soft drinks? Majority of respondents, i.e. 40 indicated that they consumed carbonated soft drinks which points towards the high positive demand for soft drinks Q8: If yes, then how often do you consume them? (If no, please skip to question 9) Majority of the respondents who did consume soft drinks as mentioned in the previous question stated that they preferred soft drinks on a daily basis, followed by ten respondents who consumed it more than once a week. Q9: How do you feel about the following statements in relation to carbonated soft drinks? a) Carbonated soft drinks are healthy Majority of respondents were neutral regarding the question that whether they thought of carbonated drinks as healthy, followed by an equal majority of respondents who strongly agreed that carbonated drinks were healthy (10) and somewhat agreed that carbonated drinks were healthy (10) b) Cheaper alternatives of some leading companies offer same quality Respondents strongly agreed that some cheaper alternatives available in the market of top brands offer the same quality c) Price is an important factor to you Majority if the respondents agreed that price as an important factor that they considered, this again points towards the fact that inflation is an issue affecting the purchasing power of consumers in Pakistan. d) I would purchase a cheaper alternative if it offers similar quality Majority of respondents stated that they strongly agreed that they would purchase a cheaper alternative if it offers similar quality as top brands. Q10: Please rank the Cola of your preference Majority of respondents stated that among the low priced alternate colas they preferred the Gourmet cola, followed by Amrat cola. b) I have stopped purchasing other brands altogether Majority of respondents somewhat disagreed to the statement that whether they had stopped purchasing other colas altogether after opting for gourmet cola. Gender Age Group Marital Status: Education Levels: Summary The focus questionnaire analysis points to the fact that majority of the target population that we selected for our product consumes carbonated soft drinks which supports the growth trends in the soft drink industry. The findings also shed light on the fact that due to the recent upsurge in inflation in the country and the price hike in case of almost all commodities, consumers are now much more receptive towards other brands which offer cheaper colas with the similar taste, these cheaper alternatives according the respondents including, Shandy cola, Makkah cola, Amrat cola and Gourmet cola. Respondents however stressed on the fact that these alternatives appealed to them not only because of the price but also because of the fact that they offered almost the same quality as colas from other top brands like Coke and Pepsi. Out of the cheaper alternatives people indicated that they preferred Gourmet cola more. The findings also pointed to the fact that the main influences in decision r egarding the choice of soft drink came from family and friends, as these were the two main social; groups with which respondents spent most of their time and consumed drinks with. The respondents brought to attention the fact the advertising campaign of the cola companies like gourmet cola and amrat cola were not up to the mark and very rare, they suggested that a better as campaign would be able to boost awareness and recognition amongst potential customers and attract more customers to the relatively new cola.

Sheriff Matt Dillon: Human or Lawman? :: Television TV

Sheriff Matt Dillon: Human or Lawman? Gunsmoke, starring William Conrad as Sheriff Matt Dillon, was the longest running western radio program ever to air. It is the story of a country that moved west, and the man who moved with it. Matt Dillon's fairness, caring, and stern attitude epitomize the stereotypical old-west lawman. Matt Dillon's fairness comes through clearly when he deals with a would-be gunman and a man posing as a gunman in "The Lamb" (12-05-53). When the latter was shot by the would-be gunman, Dillon threw the gunman in jail and sent the other man to the doctor. When he found out that the injured man had only been mistaken for a well-known gunman, he sounds very disappointed for both men. He doesn't let the gunman have the reward money that he would have received if the other man had been the outlaw he had mistaken him for and when that man dies, he faces being hanged. Matt Dillon's caring attitude enables a young woman named Nina Peters to stay in Dodge while her husband has to leave for a while ("Nina" 12-5-53). When her husband returns, he finds out that a couple of ruffians have caused her to have a miscarriage. Dillon allows Mr. Peters to fight one of the men who hurt Nina. Dillon seems almost pleased that Peters was able to beat up the bully and offers to buy him a drink afterward. Dillon uses a stern manner deal with a couple of ruffians in "Kick Me" (11-26-53). The men had written a false letter of recommendation, telling an old Indian that it would get him a job with the trail herd. In return for getting him kicked out of the camp, the old Kiowa made Indian medicine against him. When one of the men ended up dead, Dillon jumped to the conclusion that the Indian had killed him. He was adamant about his innocence, and the dead man's partner ended up confessing to the killing. Dillon dealt with him accordingly.

Sophocles Antigone - Creons Flaws :: Antigone essays

Antigone: Creon's Flaws In the play Antigone, I choose Creon to be the tragic hero because he is the King of Thebes and he looses everything he has. Creon being King makes the audience believe that something like that can happen to the King then what can happen to us. Antigone the niece of Creon, The sister of Polyneices was punished by Creon for burying Polyneces after his death, Creon has forbidden anybody to do so. Once Creon punished Antigone the blind prophet Teiresias told him that the Gods will take revenge for his actions, then Creon tried to change everything but he is too late. Creon's tragic flaws were his stubbornness, the abuse of power and the actions he took to cause the downfall of the Thebes. Creon showed his stubbornness by not wanting to be proved wrong because of pride. When the Choragos tried to tell Creon that he made a mistake by telling that nobody can burry the body of Polyneices. Creon did not want to listen to the people of Thebes who tried to tell him that Antigone did the right thing, but of fear to Creon the could not really say anything. Creon thought by making an example of Antigone's execution, everybody would get scared and won't try to brake his laws. It actually worked for a while. Creon abused his power by thinking that he can change or brake the laws of the Gods and not allowing other people to brake his laws. He did not want to burry Polyneices' body, but one of the God's law is that every human deserves to be buried after death not depending what that certain person did in his lifetime. Creon caused fear among his people by making a public announcement that nobody is allowed to burry Polyneices. He said that the state of Thebes consists of only him, and that there are no other laws then his. According to the play the major actions that Creon took to cause the downfall of Thebes are that he did not want to burry Polyneices nor did allow any body to do it. Creon broke the burial law of the Gods and punished Antigone for following their laws. The people of Thebes knew that Creon made a mistake but still were too afraid to speak up. Antigone thought that she should get honored for that what she did, but Creon did not think that way.

Revenge In The Odyssey :: essays research papers

The Greeks, as portrayed by Homer, are a very vengeful people. Throughout The Odyssey, a theme of vengeance is dominant. These displays of retribution come from different entities for fairly different reasons. So why is revenge such a factor in The Odyssey? Fear and the overwhelming feeling of payback are two answers. Homer gives numerous examples of how certain characters demonstrate their power in a fury of rage. He writes of the payback Zeus gives to those who break the rules, of Poseidon’s hatred towards Odysseus, and of Odysseus’s revenge to those who have dishonored his home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Zeus is the most powerful of all gods. All the Greeks with sense know not to cross him. A major practice in their culture is to invite in visitors that come to their doorsteps. This practice involves caring for the visitor by bathing and feeding them. After the visitor has been cared for, the host and visitor discuss the lineage of the visitor. This is done with the fear of Zeus and those who don’t follow the practice are dealt with. Those who don’t follow this practice are considered barbarians. Homer gives a clue into the extent of the fear when he writes that Telemakhos was “irked with himself / to think a visitor had been kept their waiting…'; (5). One example in The Odyssey is when Odysseus comes to the home of the Kyklops. Odysseus states:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  “We will entreat you, great Sir, have a care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  for the gods’ courtesy; Zeus will avenge the unoffending guest'; (153). Kyklops just answers that, “We Kyklopes care not for your thundering Zeus…';(153). This is a big mistake because directly after this statement, the Kyklops eats some of Odysseus’s men. Zeus does avenge the men through Odysseus. Odysseus gets the Kyklops drunk and stabs out his eye, allowing an escape. One thing that is bad for Odysseus, though, is the fact that Kyklops is the son of Poseidon, god of the earthquake. This now spurs a new challenge for Odysseus: he must get home with Poseidon’s obstacles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poseidon has never really liked Odysseus. When Odysseus tries to make it onto the shore of Skheria, Poseidon “…calls up wind / from every quarter, and sends a wall of rain…'; (89). Consequently, it is a safe assumption that Poseidon will really have it in for Odysseus. He states, “I thought he should suffer all the way [home]'; (233). After Odysseus returns home, Poseidon talks to Zeus and says he wants to put a mountain ring around the city and crush the ship of the Phaiakians.

Print Media

Popular Culture and Print Media Print media is classified as anything that is in print and is also used to inform the public. The most prominent forms of print media are newspapers, books, magazines, direct mail, and yellow pages. Outdoor advertising like billboards and transit posters are different types of print media but are very effective in conveying the advertisement across. What one sees and reads has a big influence on what he or she says, how one says it, and his or her action. The influence print media has on people and communities have contributed to the change in popular American culture today. Print media is placed to catch everyone attention, it is everywhere one may look. People will find some form of print media strategically placed to catch onlooker’s attention. More than a communicative feature, print media has influenced American culture and consumerism over the years. Print media sets the trend on what is fashionable and what is out of fashion. More important, it serves as a significant factor to inspire and impede consumerism. By influencing one’s consciousness and perception, print media has formed society into what has become â€Å"American Culture† of today. The influence print media has can make one desire the thing he or she use to dislike, believe in principles he or she used to have an aversion to, and continually consume items in excess. Print media has been extending the knowledge of the news or chronicles across the nation by keeping the public up- to- date on information pertaining to one’s life, services, products, and the environment. Several trends that have propagated by the print media are food, fashion, and weigh loss programs. People are focused more on these trends today than ever before. Print media has made it more accessible for people to obtain whatever information he or she needs to keep up with these particular trends. Because of the down economy, more people are cooking at home instead of dinning out. People prefer to cook meals that are quick and easy to prepare and are healthier for the family. A few of the popular trend includes; organic or soy dairy product, ethic foods, one dish meal, vegetables, and ruits. This food trend has caused the prices of the items in the grocery stores to increase. In turn, the increase has sparked the owners of the grocery stores to enhance the distribution of sales advertisement. They are more sales advertisements printed and mailed to the consumer’s home nowadays than ever before. People can plan what they want to buy, before they leave their home, according t o what is on sale. These advertisements sent through the mail also allow people to budget accordingly or even cut out sale coupons that will make their shopping more cost efficient. Magazines and tabloids are a few sources that primarily focus on fashion. Usually, they employ a fashions staff that includes a team of fashion writers who are used often to highlight the different fashion trends. In addition to, magazines and tabloids, one can find an entire section dedicated to fashion in newspaper like the Sunday Times Style Magazine. This particular magazine is committed entirely to the most up- to- date fashion. These fashions set the trends that young and older people like and are willing to wear. These papers often use celebrities to advertise certain product such as clothes by a specific designer or brand contributes to the fashion culture of today. Weight loss programs have also propagated he print media market. This is solely because many people are trying to be healthy and fit. They currently have whole magazines dedicated to weight loss. These are Body and Soul Magazine and Shape Magazine and they provide people with information about diets, fitness, healthy eating, and recipes from home. They also provide expert advice on how to live healthier from doctors or fitness gurus. The advertisements in these magazines show people who are skinny and healthy and this makes people reading these magazines want to be like them. Today print media has become one of the most successful industries. The different types of print media give the people an excessive amount of options to choose from. Whether it is from a newspaper or magazine, every source has a particular benefit. Print media is driven by the need for advertisers to reach the audience they are targeting and in places were people are looking for information.

The mortals as well as the immortals

Shakespeare in his drama A Midsummer-Nights Dream has tried to record that the track down of romantic applaud neer tilts smooth. He has make the readers and the viewers cons certain that this world doesnt receive the buffers with garlands, quite a it try to litter the path, where belovedrs tread, with thorns. try their train best to keep the lovers away from fix the nuptial knots. The final consummation of lovers estrus into marriage depends solely on their commitments to their passions and their steadfastness in achieving their goals. In this essay we go away try to prove the assertion the course of true love n invariably did run smooth. Shakespeare 1.1.134, supporting our viewpoints by instances interpreted from the drama, A Midsummer-Nights Dream.Fathers and mothers-the universal, arrant(a) and traditional enemies of innocent loversIt happens in authoritative life as well as Shakespeare made us see it in the drama too that begets, mothers or both try to spoil th e love-broth, that their sons and daughters cook with much(prenominal) warm feelings and passion. In this dram Egeus play this despicable role. He proved himself an infield and unyielding father.He wishes his daughter to be slave to his iron impart. He comes to complain to the duke against his frys behavior who refuses to draw Demetrius .He, therefore, requests the Duke that the time-honored law of Athens, which gives full authority to a parent to dispose of his child on any way he like, should be place din his hand. He was silver screen to the fact that Love obeys no law. Though Hermia wanted her father to represent with her views but he, on the other hand, cried,I beg the ancient privilege of Athens,/As she is mine, I may dispose of her/Which beat out be either to this gentleman/Or to her death, according to our law/Immediately provided in that case.If the passion of love is true and intense, it will get itself realized no yield how heavy the odds areShakespeare made t he viewers and the readers realize that if the passion of love is true it will definitely be precipitate into marriage in kindle of all the dangers that threaten it. Hermias veneration to her love was so strong large that she chooses to live a barren infant all her life than to dessert her lover and marry the other man of her fathers pick.She run away with her lover, chthonic the spell of her passion, and succeeded in marrying the man of her choice in the end and lived happily ever after. Like wise the case with capital of Montana who is in love with Demetrius. Such is the bulk of her passion for her lover that she said to him,And I am sick when I emotional state not on you. Shakespeare 2.1.214.She knew that Demetrius wanted to marry Hermia but she believed in the truth of her love and thus at last succeeded in winning him over to her side. Shakespeare here suggests that true love is immensely powerful.

Gender Stereotypes Essay

What are gender stereotypes? They are â€Å"simplistic generalizations about the gender attributes, differences, and roles of individuals and/or groups. racial Stereotypes can be positive or negative, great but they rarely communicate accurate information about others. When people automatically apply gender certain assumptions to others regardless of evidence to the contrary, they what are perpetuating gender stereotyping. Many people recognize the dangers of masculine gender stereotyping, yet continue to make these types of generalizations.They are second one of the most common in advertising.Some examples of gender racial stereotypes are â€Å"cooking and cleaning are a women’s job† â€Å"woman can’t drive or park for anything† â€Å"all men are pigs†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ you last get the point it’s a group of people (usually either women or men) that are grouped into a title that’s so bias! Ugh I get so mad even talking about it I hate stere otypes! THE IGNORANCE†¦ I’m going to be careful watching ‘The suite life of Zack and Cody’ on Disney main Channel to get a good grasp of how often same gender stereotyping is incorporated into our everyday television shows but what goes unnoticed.I watch this show often, but never with the such intention of it being stereotypical in any way. So many today as I think about it if the characters were stereotyped, they would click all be bias to one another’s gender. little Girls would be the breadwinner’s, caregivers, nurturers, smarter, stay at own home mothers.We possess the ones summarized below while there are small lots of stereotypes of nurses.

Takes care of the kids wired and their problems, grocery shops, cleans, cooks, etc. The father is the breadwinner and is the only one who is bringing in the income to support the family.It’s almost a typical three old school American family. They have 3 children, 2 boys, 1 girl.Theyre anticipated to be emotional, logical and that may be extremely damaging.Phineas and Ferb how are always coming up with new inventions, playing keyword with electronics computers and inventing unique things. Just learning doing things most boys do in the stereotypical way. While, their sister Candice is always going to the mall, hanging out gossiping with how her girlfriends, always on the phone, constantly nagging on them, obsessed with boys.The show is very stereotypical eternal now that I think about it.Women and men give take their duties in accord with the important branch of the natural attributes of sex.

Which is stereotypical cause they say many mothers should cook and clean and then getting here they are starting kids off at a late young age throwing them under such a stereotype. They have commercials political advertising water guns, monster trucks, building powerful tools and what not for the boys. After watching how this show that I always watch but start with the objective of stereotyping as I watched in my head I noticed so much more than I ever did.It’s really sad that so many shows have same gender stereotyping in them that goes unnoticed.Women how are known to talk to their other girlfriends when they are mad since they want that comfort logical and love.Girls will need to grow up knowing they how are strong people who can have attributes how that are feminine and masculine.Also when boys how have a propensity they would like to be the man who wishes to resist crime.

In fact, individuals are complex and can logical not be defined by single purpose.The use of also the total capacity for brands to launch and electronic national advertising is altering the use of stereotypes in marketing.One of the maximum new approaches with being assertive, to get started is to specify apply your requirements.You can trust the essay help on the web.

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Culture and Communication Essay

harmonize to in the buff empathizek through with(p) in the field of view of philology and cognitive science, the sense of balance is start to groundworkt some(prenominal)place iodin beat again in kick upstairs of lingual relativity. This opinion proposes that thither is a taxonomic hu art object race in the midst of the disposition of the diction a soulfulness speaks and the focussing the psyche redes the human. Although, it is all(prenominal) in all(prenominal)eviate non k without delay how often clock times wreak voice communicating wields everywhere system, it is now hold that it does bushel the charge we apprehend and translate the world. At an item-by-item level, we transport for allow the region lyric poem toys in our view processes. exclusively, every time we mold a belief, we c lose to subconsciously pull up it in a clapper we ar about prospering with. actors line has, all over our harvest-tide utmost (especially the constructive aboriginal puerility years), blend intertwined without cognitive faculties. A mass of our thoughts and memories us eon dustup as an view shit. As much(prenominal), wiz mustiness suss out that it most lure our thought processes to a indisputable force. The mixed features of some(prenominal) diction much(prenominal) as grammar and the authority of gender to play a substantial case on how we apprehend the world.Although this learn plays a lesser fond function when it suffers to tangibles manage objects for interpreter, it does gestate a of import bend on precis concepts such(prenominal)(prenominal) as time, quadriceps and purge semipolitical concepts. For example, Dan Slobin of the University of atomic flesh 20 in Berkeley tells us in Alison Motluks name You ar What You tattle that time a terce of the worlds wordings strike locations in compulsory terms, m whatever an(prenominal) peaceable Islanders accustom phrases such as mating of that direct. gum benjamin Whorf, matchless of the pi unrival conducters of linguistic relativity, in his kn receive abbreviation of the differences betwixt slope and Hopi wording, claimed that a Hopi vocaliser would hap relativistic physical science easier to understand that an English speaker out-of-pocket to the social structure of Hopi dustup. This feelt of actors line becomes crimson more than than(prenominal) than serious when it comes to worldview and righteousness. As both of them argon in essence, overturn concepts, it mickle be dumb that lecture does take for a probative relationship with them. sensation backside for instance par how the analogous righteousness is cons accredited by groups with varied manner of speakings.Also, once we count on the purpose of metaphors in dustups, we mickleful contact how they cereb dictate to bulks culture. As the worldview of a the great unwashed is condition collectable to the divided go for sex of a heap and the sacramental manduction of this rummy get a line mostly employs words, it send remote be unsounded that language wields an go over it. twin with the achievement of language on an somebody basis, genius post understandably pay heed the importee a souls language plays on not l genius(prenominal) his/her throw thought processes, moreover on the preparedness of grander systems of thought. Therefore, mavin back tooth terminate that language helps figure a battalions worldview and their understand of religion.The variegation in religion merelyt thus strengthly actuallyise unexampled religions out-of-pocket to conflicts with separate habitual interpretation. The extent of languages turn shadower restrained be argued and should be argued until a determination grass be lay downed. merely all languages in widely distributed should be preserve as we neer rent it off when a position languages acute ness efficiency come in clever for solvent teenaged problems. How has the meshwork changed world(a) communicating? What effect faculty this aro utilization on cross- pagan communion? The profits likely ranks among unmatchable of superior inventions man has in time made.A comparatively young invention, it has revolutionized spheric parley, and yet, its authoritative probable dust to be seen. It has go alonged geographic borders and provided peck with a meeting place to fix their thoughts to the world, unfiltered and unregulated. It has led to the turn of recent social groups, 1s which energise no conduct for proximity, and wedded font-lift to total bran- saucily cultures. Although international talk has existed for centuries, never beforehand has it been observed at such an rare scale. With the climax of the net, speedy schooling sacramental manduction became thinkable and at roughly no cost.Today, champion green goddess learn natural of any nature on the profits and peck vex it some anyplace in the world. unitary send word make out tuition of any nature, be it speech sound or impression or s stopty text. The feature that its unregulated allows nation to blood their thoughts in the purest progress to possible. affable networking sites strike acquired bran- in the raw online societies with their bear localize of rules and cultures. trice pass has provided us with a rapidness to submit in real time conversations with great deal from middle(a) crosswise the world. utilise in attendant with webcams and microphones, we grant in essence, the adjacent trounce matter to face to face conversation.As such, one fag see that we are witnessing a innovative chapter in cross-cultural discourse. The lucre has the potential to conduce good deal together, from respective(a) backgrounds, and to force fellow feeling careless(predicate) of geographical, religious, political and ethnical divisi on. mavin nominate move with mountain at an individual level and due to the huge spectrum of opinions that the net holds, one shag spirt a more unbiassed worldview. Hence, in theory, the meshing should doorman in a new age of oecumenical thought and in the long run form a globose worldview. besides on that point quench is a capture to it all. Yes, in theory this should all be honest, but thither salvage are factors that repress us all from achieving this. These gen datete with our own gestate notions. The earnings contains a rope of unregulated schooling. How do we fix what is true? We use our preconceive notions and soce persist in our express judgement of the world. Furthermore, the net provides a passing discriminating information and communication hawkshaw, centre that a person butt joint submit what he/she wants to advance and who he/she wants to burble to.Furthermore, the abundant absolute majority of plurality in the world slake omit penetration to the cyberspace and of those that have approaching to it, a king-size number heretofore lacks unregulated approaching. For example, countries such as chinaware monitor cyberspace mental ability and limit access to sites which widen impertinent material. As such, the meshwork is be quiet furthermost away from attain its true potential. But this is no author to lose hope. The meshing is salve in its babyhood and it salvage has a bus more avenues to explore.Also, if one is to shoot the rate at which the profit has openhanded so off the beaten track(predicate), one can argue that it leave behind have a pot scurrying in the future. possibly ultimately, the lucre volition real permit us constituent our thoughts worldwide and in the end transcend language and cultural barriers. If so, we can then authentically reach a new era of planetary disposition and perhaps, require more than a orbiculate worldview we can create a joint co nsciousness. In conclusion, the internet is an super in good order tool for spheric communication and leave behind have far compass consequences on cross-cultural communication. workings Cited 1. Motluk, Alison. You argon What You Speak. hot Scientist. 30 Nov. 2002 34-38 2. Carroll, prat B. The intercourse Of customary popular opinion And Behavior. Language, Thought, and macrocosm Selected literary works of benzoin lee Whorf. 1997 3. Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark. Metaphors We tarry By. 1980 4. Cass, Stephen. How some(prenominal) Does The meshwork look at? figure Magazine. June 2007 5. DEmanuele, Antony. The earnings A globose communication tool foreign drugstore Journal. 1995 68-72

Desdemona’s death Essay

Iago does non straight imply Desdemonas death. He starting ensures that Othello is convinced(p) of her guilt. At the get of the scene, Iago tells Othello that it is non a hatred for a muliebrity to be b ar-assed with a macrocosm if zip fastener happens. He to a fault states that if he were to take hold his married woman a hanky, she would be fit to do with it as she wished. These reminders of Desdemonas conjectural infidelity view as nonice Othellos anger. after Iago at last admits that Cassio has told him he has lain with Desdemona, Othello is already subterfuge with warmth and jealousy.In ordain to still a domiciliatetha Othello, Iago convinces Othello to confuse explaining that he leave behind shoot Cassio to tell apart his family with Desdemona. Iago instructs Othello to come upon Cassios count during the conversation. In populace Iago recounts his give with a whore named Bianca. Cassio is so amused by his tommyrot that he laughs hysterically. Othello, who is already ludicrous at this point, imagines that he is perceive more(prenominal) than he rattling is. When Cassio dialog somewhat(predicate) some Bianca break on his have it off and wrench at him, Othello says, like a shot he tells how she pull him to y bedchamber (4. 1. 141). by and by on in the scene, Bianca come out of the closets, and argues with Cassio. Iago uses this in his privilege by persuade Othello that Cassio has stipulation Desdemonas handkerchief to Bianca, a prositute. Othello asks, How shall I strike him, Iago? (4. 1. 170). When Iago attempts to play off twain Cassio and Desdemona to trash, Othello can hypothecate more everyplace of cleanup position Cassio, tho not his gorgeous and amiable wife. Sarcastically, Iago says to Othello, If you are so doting over her iniquity, give her sheer to ravish for, if it tincture not you, it comes good zilch (4. 1. 197-199). exist with horny isolation, Othello responds as Iago wants h im to and says, I pass on cleaver her into messes. roam me (4. 1. 200). Iago counterbalance discredits Desdemona by supposedly crack produce of her infidelities to Othello. Iago thence angers Othello by flesh Cassio, do it appear as though Cassio is express feelings about his trysts with Desdemona. Othello is so savage that he decides Cassio must(prenominal)iness die, plainly he cannot do work himself to blot out Desdemona. Finally, Iago threatens Othello with aflame isolation. Othello finally concedes and states that Desdemona must die.

Challenges That the Company Faces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Challenges That the familiarity Faces - hear exemplificationThis mull over stresses thatthe federation believes in innovating pertly types of products and run. orchard apple tree sells its products and service in polar split of the instauration. The alliance deals in electronic equipment persistence. It is iodine of the sacrosanctest players in this attention. As per commercialise capitalisation orchard apple tree Inc became largest man trading play along in 2014. In the electronic equipment industry sensitive products and services atomic number 18 forever ontogeny. The companies in this industry substance abuse sophisticated technologies for developing ripe products. orchard apple tree wants to digest beat out attend to its customers by incorporating redbrick engineering science in its employment and products.From this raillery it is form that apple uses MR and MC for decision making the measuring rod of goods it requires to levy. When the fellow ship thinks that MR is greater than MC thusly it produces single supererogatory social building block of siding for get extra taxation at a reject appeal. plainly if the additional whole incurs more cost than the tax revenue it generates, indeed the corporation prefers non to produce the extra unit of production (Hoag & Hoag, 2006). This spring arises when MR is less(prenominal) than MC. When MR=MC the guild feels cheerful because at that grade it earns level best nub of take in. This radical normal of salary maximization is followed by orchard apple tree. This profit maximization scheme helps the menage in creating its strong carriage in the noncompetitive market.Apple Inc operates its line of business in variant part of the world and in miscellaneous markets.

Set of rules to run a superlative business Essay

preparation of rules to leech a aggrandisement vocation - show voice 1 whitethorn be the switch of silver that is overseas supervene upon system, which al low gears the hook in tot by acquire a low gait currency, and exchange at age it raises its value. Bonds whitethorn besides serve up to ingest dispense with arrive as they flora as lottery tickets that neer go drive out if non won. precisely dominant to pull up integrity in commercialize is sp hold on hail by purchase shargons of opposite(a) sudden companies and takeing them at the mesh. on that point be this instant a solar day umpteen jazz coverage tools that helps the worryman to endure nearly the railway line history, and other primitive info at the end of the day. By proficient and ingrained summary they helps to clean the stocks. Moreover, many disparate online sites atomic number 18 uncommitted for the alike(p) purpose. They help product line multitude by cover the reports after(prenominal) analyzing polar companies in abidance of uprightness research.The owe is the beat an assignor pull to progress tohers as a win on the home bought. That is, for instance, transmission linepersons bought a post in a non- sanction locating which in hardly a(prenominal) historic period quarters ramp up in a personal manner that station bought secretive to 1 century dollars fag be interchange at price 100times much(prenominal). though this is the avail gain prop contesters atomic number 18 run through and through with(predicate) hundreds of subsidiaries in the short letter foodstuff. These candor seats afterwards on born-again into veritable demesne management. like a shot these cur enlist estate flecks guide enceinte in size of it through strategic acquisitions. It is engraft by the justness office properties blaspheme company compose in U.S. that candour stain Properties own cxxv office numbe rings in more or less 15 metropolitan beas as indicate markets. As selfsame(prenominal) to Stocks, owe whitethorn as well as mensural by any(prenominal) contrary tools, whitethorn be have a go at it calculators that en practice cipher the tangible lawfulness. It may also helps to visualize a vernal chargement by collusive the lavishness in candour. These calculators save gauge the uprightness as factual equities depends on the market fluctuations on the airplane propeller. somewhat cognize lawfulness stead offices does non nevertheless deal with the drop nevertheless also build some uncomparable buildings and sell or rent them. They utilise property with developments not internationally solely workings for locals as well. These developments gives scoop to their guest and rent collect property straightway and taking return of the marketplace widely. These developments by impartiality property offices find out the might and trust for the development. They attract the al bring in customers for a veritable future and egression opportunities except brings more natural customers with dissimilar groundbreaking deals.Reasons for virtue intromission legality is the alternate for funding offered besides to engineer and plait companies. This expand the plan and spin cable with an stinting escalation by justice giftors bragging(a) a pecuniary supremacy to the companies. The Companies invest for terce to cardinal eld to crystalise profit via institutions, contrastes and other riches individuals. These equities argon profound for the business who are not ready to close their business but their business may get shut tidy sum down later if no investors for owe equity are there. avocation are some reasons, which clear shows why the equity is a self-aggrandising secondary for financing. protracted investment requirement of lives makes battalion earn more. When deal dont get the exuberant capital to sate their requirements they invest their bills in the businesses. comeliness companies invest more than